What is the law on child labour and how can I report a violation?

Question

I suspect a nearby shop is employing a child below 14 years of age. What does the law say and how do I report this? I have been reading conflicting things online and I would like to understand what Indian law actually says about this, which Act and Section applies, what the realistic timelines and costs are, and what I should be doing right now to protect my position. If the matter can be resolved without litigation I would prefer that route, but I want to know what my rights are before I agree to anything or sign any document.

MyVakeel Legal Desk · Accepted Answer

What is the law on child labour and how can I report a violation? is governed in India primarily by Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986, Section 3, Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act 2016 and Juvenile Justice Act 2015. The short answer is set out below, followed by the practical steps most people in this situation need to take. Read it alongside the specific provisions named, because the exact relief available to you turns on the facts you can prove on paper.

Section 3 of the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, as amended in 2016, completely prohibits employment of children below 14 years in any occupation or process, and further restricts adolescents (14-18 years) from working in hazardous occupations listed in the Act.

Violation attracts imprisonment of 6 months to 2 years and/or fine of Rs 20,000 to Rs 50,000 for the employer, with enhanced punishment for repeat offenders under Section 14.

A child found engaged in prohibited employment can be rescued through coordinated action of the labour department, police (Anti-Human Trafficking Unit) and Child Welfare Committee constituted under the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, which then arranges for rehabilitation.

Complaints can be filed with the local Labour Inspector, District Child Protection Unit, or by calling the Childline helpline number 1098, which coordinates rescue operations across India.

Establishments employing children can also face closure orders and blacklisting from government contracts, and consumers/citizens reporting such violations are protected and can remain anonymous if desired.

What to do next: 1) Note down the specific location, nature of work and approximate age of the child; 2) Call Childline at 1098 or contact the local police control room to report the case; 3) File a written complaint with the Labour Inspector or District Child Protection Officer; 4) Follow up with the Child Welfare Committee to ensure the child receives proper rehabilitation.

If the other side has already issued a notice, filed a case or set a deadline, treat the matter as time-sensitive — most remedies under Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986, Section 3 carry limitation periods, and a delay you cannot explain weakens an otherwise strong case. You can post the details on the MyVakeel forum for a practising advocate to review, or book a paid consultation with a Bar Council verified lawyer in this practice area.